Book Review
BIOGRAPHY
Delicious dance tales
DEIRDRE KELLY

01/12/2002
The Globe and Mail
Metro
Page D8
"All material Copyright (c) Bell Globemedia Publishing Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved."

I, Maya Plisetskaya By Maya Plisetskaya Yale University Press, 386 pages, $54.95 Isadora: A Sensational Life By Peter Kurth Little, Brown, 617 pages, $42.95

The Russian Revolution was still a bleeding presence in the streets of Moscow when legendary dancer Isadora Duncan arrived there in 1921, in pursuit of artistic freedom and the great school she wanted to give to the children of the world. Long lines of coffins moved silently in the crepuscular pre-dawn light, carried by momentary survivors of Lenin's nightly purges. Isadora could barely make out their shadowy forms after one of her drunken evenings. But even if aware of the brutality that surrounded her, she would never see it clearly. The rosy, reality-numbing lighting she created by draping long silk scarves over chandeliers was more than a theatrical gesture; it was an approach to life.

Maya Plisetskaya, the great Russian ballerina, came into the world just four years after Isadora naively pronounced Lenin's Russia a Paradise, "where all was perfect love, harmony and comradeship -- and where there were no stupid rules or convention of any kind." What Isadora experienced through the smoky lens of idealism, Plisetskaya, as a child of the Soviet era, suffered fully as terror, murder and oppression. Her father was executed by firing squad during the Great Terror. Her mother, once a famous Russian silent-film star, was imprisoned in a Siberian concentration camp, while pregnant with Maya's little brother, for being the wife of an enemy of the people. She lingered there for years. The horror of these earlier years shaped the satin-slippered Plisetskaya into a hard-nosed realist: "Just think how many holy deceits were perpetuated then in our miserable, god-forsaken, blood-covered Russia."

She writes these words in I, Maya,an autobiography that is also a searing indictment of Soviet Russia, of communism and of the blinding naivete with which the Isadoras of this world have often approached her country. She is a ballerina who, at 77, has emerged as a respected artist of the Russian state. Vladimir Putin himself pinned her with the medal of service in 2000, her country's highest honour. This is her dead father's sweetest revenge.

Plisetskaya's memoirs invariably describe a life in dance. But the book's biggest value lies in being much more than that. I, Maya is social history written by a dancer who transcends the mute language of her art to tell a universal story of suffering and endurance. The thud of irony continually disrupts the mellifluous strains of Tchaikovsky that sound in the background of a career that spanned 50 years. "I would like to talk about Sleeping Beauty and Swan Lake,how I could toss off grands battements, and my handsome partners," she writes, setting the tone of sarcasm that runs though this deliciously subversive book. "But no matter what end of my childhood I look at, it all turns to politics, to the Stalin terror."

Isadora never lived to know Stalin. She died in 1927, tragically -- but spectacularly -- when the 18-inch fringe of her red shawl caught in the spokes of a sports car, snapping her neck when the wheels made their first high-speed turn. She was 50. Who knows what she might have said of Plisetskaya's scourge -- that he was a handsome devil? (She could never resist the charms of a man, any man, no matter his age, station, ethics or sanity.) She may well have been benevolent.

Peter Kurth's Isadora: A Sensational Life,the first definitive biography written of the woman who did for movement what Picasso did for visual art, presents an image of her as a kind of forgiving, albeit earthy, Madonna. Meticulously researched, exhaustively detailed, intelligently and bouncingly written, with an eye to the larger social and historical trends that enabled a genius like Isadora to make such an explosive impact on the development of 20th-century art, Kurth quotes source after source who saw her as the reincarnation of the Great Mother figure. She nurtured and she destroyed. Carnal urges drove her -- she lived toward the end of her life on a diet of booze and boys. But she was awesome, sacred as a cloud-ringed mountaintop. "I understood all these passions in her as I could say I understood thunder, or a hurricane, or, in the case of her love affairs, as I understood a great cosmic maternal urge," said Mercedes de Acosta, the princess of American literary lesbians and one of Isadora's conquests. "Isadora was always the great mother in all her expressions of love."

Her ecstasy and her agony were her own children, Deirdre ("Beloved of Ireland") and Patrick, who were drowned in the Seine near her studio home in Neuilly when the girl was 5 and the boy only 3. Isadora never recovered from the loss. Several times she attempted suicide. Her excessive use of drink and sex were manifestations of a death wish that haunted her to the end.

Compounding her misery was a third child, conceived eight months after the children's terrible death. The baby perished in her arms 20 minutes after its birth, on the day France declared war with Germany. Reading these chapters is hard and painful. Kurth, with no sentimentalizing, makes the reader feel the anguish that caused all of Paris to mourn, and which caused Maurice Ravel, one of Isadora's many illustrious friends, to come to her stricken house, trembling and afraid. "No one has understood since I lost Deirdre and Patrick how pain has caused me at times to live in almost a delirium," she wrote, heartbroken, to a friend years later. "My poor brain has been crazed more than anyone can know."

Her art buoyed her, and several times saved her from absolute ruin. Dance was, in her, alive as the flame of life. She was born in San Francisco in 1877 for no other purpose but to restore to dance the dignity, vitality and social relevance that she believed the ballet, with its fairy-driven spectacles performed in tutus and on tip-toes, had crippled beyond recognition.

Her inspiration thoroughout her life was the ancient Greeks, whose friezes of free-flowing dance she emulated, along with the wearing of diaphanous chitons and bare feet on the stage -- in her day a scandal. She even adopted their myths. She was Iphigenia in performance, Aphrodite in real life: "I am a pagan."

Yet she disliked being called simply a dancer. "I am an expressioniste of beauty. I use my body as my medium, just as the writer uses his words. Do not call me a dancer." Kurth quotes her in support of his declaration that his biography is not a dance book: "Isadora needs rescuing from dancers -- more particularly from dance scholars, whose ideas on her impact and contribution to the art rise frequently to a brilliance of their own but who speak in a language she didn't know, about a subject she dismissed out of hand."

His aim is to show her instead as the Muse of Modernism (the title of a 1998 Isadora Duncan exhibition at the Georgia Museum of Art) as the mother of new expressions of art. It is why she went to Russia during those black years immediately following the Revolution: She wanted to be midwife at the birth of the Brave New World.

Plisetskaya's book, written independently of Kurth's, of course (the original Russian version came out in 1994), is what we read to find out what happens next, both in terms of Russia's ruination under a series of brutal tyrants and Isadora's smouldering legacy.

Plisetskaya was too young to see Isadora perform, but in her memoirs she speaks admiringly of her. (For all her mistrust of the ballet, Isadora influenced it profoundly; she is responsible for the the 20th-century dance awakening known as Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, as one example.) Plisetskaya says she read the dancer's 1927 autobiography, My Life,calling it "a fiery book." She used it as research for a new ballet, created for her by Maurice Bejart in 1979, and called simply Isadora. Through contemporary choreography, the dance captures her time in post-Revolutionary Russia with poet Sergei Esenin, the Jim Morrison of the Soviet Union. It includes her rousing dance to La Marseillaise. Children enter running toward the end to symbolize her belief in nurturing future generations of lovers of beauty. Then the sound of tires screeching, and a 26-metre-long scarf falls to the stage floor.

The ballet was a triumph for Plisetskaya, who notes in her book the irony of her performing the premiere at the age of 50, in Monaco, near where Isadora died when she was likewise a half-century old.

Isadora might in theory have disliked the fact that her foe, the ballet, was capitalizing on her life. But she was too grandiose in nature not to have the generosity of spirit to appreciate the gesture (and the narcissist in her would surely have loved it). As she said herself, "I have but opened a door. This door must never be allowed to close." No matter that it is a Soviet ballerina, with diametrically opposed political beliefs, who is doing the holding. Dance is what unites them, as it has the arts throughout time in sympathetic partnership.

"She dances because she is full of the joy of life," Isadora writes in her essay, A Child Dancing. "She dances because the waves are dancing before her eyes, because the winds are dancing, because she can feel the rhythm of dance throughout the whole of nature."

Deirdre Kelly, The Globe and Mail dance critic from 1985 through 2001, is now a features writer and fashion reporter.